- Safety of the crew in the movement of opencast mining plants using autonomous means of transporting the excavated material
The method of mining and the type of used means of transporting the material allows to divide the mining technologies into: continuous, cyclical and mixed. Cyclical technologies are in the lead in opencast mining. Automated systems are being developed for his needs. The first group includes collision detection systems, the second group includes semi-automatic systems, in which most of the operations are controlled by a human, and only some of them are performed automatically, and the third group is remote control systems. In addition to the above-mentioned groups, fully automatic and autonomous systems are developed in which the operator acts as a supervisory factor, intervening only in emergency situations. Eliminating the weakest link, i.e. the human, from the operation of vehicles increases the system's availability to 24 hours a day all year round and improves the safety of the crew. In addition, the entire part related to planning and logistics is taken over by artificial intelligence systems. Thanks to this, it is possible to constantly supervise the technical condition of the devices and their full use, while optimizing fuel consumption. The world leaders in this field include: Komatsu, Volvo, Scania and Kamaz, who is emerging in this segment. The review of the solutions developed by them shows that most of them use appropriately modified, mass-produced trucks, which reduces the costs of implementing the systems, resulting from, inter alia, from the necessity to provide redundant data transmission systems and separate teleinformatic networks, preventing external interference with the system. In addition to ensuring them, Polish regulations on opencast mines, in order to enable the use of autonomous cyclical transport systems, should also oblige, inter alia, for: use of min. two independent teletransmission lines, real-time exchange of information between vehicles and the dispatcher and marking the mining plant area with signs informing about the operation of autonomous vehicles and prohibiting people from moving along transport roads during their work.
- Modern methods of sand production in the "Bielinek" mine
The use of the allflux AFX 1500 fluidized bed sorter in the "Bielinek" mine, which cleans and sorts fine sand fractions in one process, and the automated sorting process in the new processing plant improves the sand production process and improves the safety of machinery and devices. The advantage of using modern sand production methods is the ability to create aggregate compositions desired by customers for the appropriate applications and to improve the quality of aggregate by reducing the content of impurities and limiting the loss of fine fractions of sorted sand, necessary for the production of sand-gravel mixtures, allowing for better grain compression and optimization of cement consumption. concrete production.
- Forming permanent slopes during the exploitation of deposits from under the waterline with the use of floating excavators
Increasingly important in the extraction of natural aggregates is the exploitation from the waterline with the use of floating excavators. It is connected with the necessity to ensure the stability of permanent slopes (banks) of the created water reservoirs. Maintaining stable slopes requires their proper shaping already at the stage of operation, because the subsequent "improvement of slopes" involves additional costs and serious technical problems. Therefore, when approaching the limits of planned operation, there is a need to run slopes with parameters other than the working ones. For this reason, excavator operators and traffic supervisors should be able to assess the location of the cutting head (immersion depth and distance from the protective belt on the surface) in relation to the established operating limits. Most floating excavators have the ability to control the depth of the cutting head immersion, but there are no devices for measuring its position in relation to the above-water part of the exploited slope. In practice, rangefinders are best suited for this purpose. However, the correctness of the measurements carried out with them requires that they are carried out parallel to the water surface and perpendicular to the edge of the target fixed slope, preferably always from the measurement point selected on the excavator's platform.
- Swoszowicka sulfur, the Wawel Dragon and a health resort
- Laugh with us, in the world of mining anecdotes
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie (Work Safety and Environmental Protection in Mining) - the whole list
